Assessment and treatment
Arrhythmia treatment
Learn how follow-up, lifestyle habits, medicines, ablation and devices can form part of cardiac arrhythmia treatment.
Explore the treatment options
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Arrhythmia and cardiac device specialties
These pages explain how each procedure works, when it may be indicated, and the risks and follow-up care.
The indication depends on each person’s medical history, tests and needs.
Not sure where to start?Reflex syncope
Cardioneuroablation
A catheter procedure that reduces vagus nerve influence on the heart. It may be considered in selected people with reflex syncope and documented cardiac pauses.
About cardioneuroablation
Technique created by the Pachón group, originally described in 2005.
Original article on PubMed
Slow rhythms and blocks
Pacemaker implantation
A device that delivers electrical impulses to the heart in certain bradycardias and conduction blocks.
Understand pacemaker implantation
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation ablation
Catheter treatment to control atrial fibrillation in selected people. The evaluation considers symptoms, previous treatments and heart conditions.
AF ablation and care
Heart failure
Cardiac resynchronization device
A device that seeks to coordinate ventricular contraction in some people with heart failure and delayed electrical activation of the heart.
Indications for CRT-P and CRT-D
Ventricular arrhythmias
Implantable defibrillator (ICD)
A device that monitors rhythm and can stop potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias. Available therapies depend on the system and programming.
ICD therapies and types
The topics above help you find information, but do not determine which procedure a person needs. The same symptom may have different causes.
First evaluation
How to begin an evaluation
If you have received an indication or are still investigating palpitations, syncope or abnormal test results, start with a medical evaluation. Bring available tests and your medication list.
Meet the medical team
Understand the devices
Differences between pacemaker, CRT and ICD
Pacemaker, resynchronization device and defibrillator are not synonyms. CRT-D, for example, combines resynchronization and defibrillator function in the same device.
See the difference between CRT-P and CRT-D and learn about ICD options on the pages below.
To find other pages on the site, see the site map.
Scientific references
- Original cardioneuroablation publication, Europace 2005
- International statement on cardioneuroablation, 2024
- Diretriz Brasileira de Dispositivos Cardíacos Eletrônicos Implantáveis, 2023
- ESC atrial fibrillation guideline, 2024
Each procedure page provides additional information and references.
